The second part of the detailed explanation of the overall design plan of the textile laboratory construction, followed by the first part "Pure dry goods! The overall design of textile laboratory construction"

(12)Balance Room

Analytical balance is a common instrument necessary for the construction of chemical laboratories. High-precision balances have certain requirements for the environment: anti-vibration, dust-proof, windproof, direct sunlight, corrosive gas erosion, and relatively constant temperature. Therefore, the balance is usually set in a dedicated balance room to meet these requirements. The balance room should be close to the pre-processing room for ease of use. The balance room should be northward, far away from the source of vibration, and should not be adjacent to a high-temperature greenhouse or a room with strong electromagnetic interference. The high-precision microbalance should be located on the bottom layer.

Double-layer windows should be used in the balance room to facilitate heat insulation and dust prevention. At the same time, a curtain box should be set up for reading. It is best to enter the balance room through the doorway or the front room to avoid the influence of airflow. Air-conditioning should be considered for high-precision microbalances and electronic balance rooms, but the wind speed should be low. No water basins or any pipes passing through the room are allowed in the balance room to avoid leakage, condensation or affecting the use and maintenance of the balance when the pipe is overhauled. Try not to prevent unnecessary furniture in the balance room to reduce dust accumulation. The balance room should have general lighting of the whole room and local lighting on the sky platform. Local lighting can be installed on the wall or in a dust cover.

The balances used for laboratory construction are mostly desktops. The analytical balance can be set on a stable fixed anti-vibration workbench, and the high-precision mechanical analytical balance platform has higher requirements for anti-vibration.

In the laboratory design of the balance room, although it has been considered as far away as possible from the vibration source, and active vibration isolation measures have been taken for possible vibration sources, the impact of environmental vibration is more or less always present. Such as people moving around, door opening and closing, etc. Therefore, the sky platform must have certain anti-vibration measures.

The width of the single-sided sky platform is generally 600mm, and the height is generally 850mm. The length of the sky platform can be considered as 800~1200 for each balance. The sky platform can be composed of a table top, a pedestal, a table base, etc., and sometimes an anti-vibration seat is added to the table top. In order to further keep the balance clean and free from the influence of air currents, a balance cover can be considered to cover the balance, and the Jiangmen door can be opened and pushed into the cover during use.

The material of the sky platform can be made of reinforced concrete countertops with sufficient rigidity. The surface layer is usually made of terrazzo, but other smooth materials can also be used. Generally, precision balances can use 50-60mm thick concrete countertops. Vibration isolation materials are arranged between the countertop and the base (support). For example, the vibration isolation material uses 50mm thick hard rubber, and the support can also be built with bricks. Part of the table under the high-precision balance can be considered to be separated from the rest of the table to eliminate the influence of vibration that may occur on the table on the balance. In this way, there is another independent pedestal with a certain quality under the balance, and a shock absorber or vibration isolation material is arranged between the pedestal and the table. The selection of the shock absorber should be determined by calculation according to the quality of the balance and the table.

Generally, the sky platform can be directly installed on the floor without a platform foundation. For those with higher accuracy, vibration isolation materials can also be added between the pedestal and the floor. In areas where the groundwater level is high, effective waterproofing measures should be taken. The steel box outside the cork is waterproofed, and the exterior is coated with asphalt. Non-pointing of underground moisture will affect the cork and increase indoor humidity. Because the area of ​​the high-precision balance room is generally small, sometimes the entire indoor floor can be considered as a sand cushion, which can simplify the construction measures and help prevent the influence of moisture.

After the sky platform is built, if the trial or test fails to fully meet the trial requirements, a vibration damping seat can be added to the platform, or a special spring vibration damping box can be used. It is also a simple and feasible method to try to lay vibration isolation gaskets of different thicknesses and types under the balance, and to hit the countertop with a wooden hammer at the same time to see the degree of influence on the balance. From the perspective of anti-vibration, it is best to set the sky platform above the beam on the floor, rather than in the middle of the span of the slab; as far as the beam is concerned, it is better to be near the pillar than in the middle of the beam.

(13)Storage room

The storage room has a sample storage room, a reagent storage room, a standard product storage room and a precursor chemical storage room. In the general storage room, 300-600mm wide cabinets can be set up according to actual needs. The passage between the cabinets should be able to pass through trolleys. . The storage room must have an instrument lending window or counter. It is required to have good ventilation, avoid sunshine, and it is required to be dry and clean.

The sample storage room is required to be controlled by an air-conditioning system, with a suitable storage cabinet, which can be locked. The samples stored in it shall be managed according to the serial number and date. In the sample room, the temperature and humidity requirements are specified in accordance with the nature of the sample, and a thermometer and hygrometer are used for monitoring and recording to ensure the stability of the sample. The door of the sample room should be locked.

The chemical reagent storage room is for the storage of non-hazardous chemicals. It should have a pass-through window, under the window there is a counter with drawers and cabinets, the door can be locked, and there should be desks, chairs and file cabinets for managers, and places for distribution, review and unpacking of supplies. Reagent cabinets need to have various widths to adapt to different chemical reagent bottles. For small bottles, the width is usually 300mm. For enlarged bottles, the width is 400-500mm. The channel between the cabinets can be about Im wide. In addition, the setting of anti-second safety exit depends on the size of the room, and there is at least one door with a clear width of 1800mm. Enough attention should be paid to fire safety issues in this room, and relevant departments should be consulted to decide what measures to take.

The width of the cabinets in the standard product storage room is generally 300mm, and the channel between the cabinets can be about Im wide. There will also be 2 to 3 refrigerators for storing standard products with different storage conditions, which need to be equipped with power supplies. In addition, there should be desks, chairs and file cabinets for managers, and places where supplies are distributed, reviewed, and unpacked.

There are designated requirements for the storage of precursor chemicals, and the storage site must comply with national standards for safety and fire protection. And set up obvious signs, storage equipment and safety facilities should be tested regularly, and set up automatic fire extinguishing devices in the warehouse. Equipped with lockable cabinets and authorized access control, unauthorized personnel are not allowed to enter the storage room at will.

The storage room should be sturdy in structure, with fire doors and well ventilated all year round, the roof can be explosion-proof, and there should be enough pressure relief area. All cabinets should be made of fire-resistant materials, and the design should refer to relevant fire safety regulations.

(14)Pretreatment room

When arranging the pre-processing room, first determine the organization situation of the test personnel and the space form (including the small space form, the medium space or the large space form, the separated large space form and the flexible space form), and then determine from The length of the test bench occupied by each person obtains the length of the test bench that needs to be set in each room, and then combines the selected building model tree, the number of fume hoods to be configured and other equipment to obtain the size of the basic laboratory room. The required equipment is: laboratory bench and water basin (or washing tank); fume hood and pipeline inspection well; workbench with reagent rack or auxiliary workbench; need to consider the record writing table in the laboratory; floor medicine cabinet And the instruments and equipment placed on the ground.

In a laboratory with natural light, the experiment table should not be parallel to the exterior wall with daylight windows, because when the experimenter faces the window, there is a mysterious light, and when the experimenter’s back faces the window, the experimenter’s body creates a shadow on the experiment table Therefore, it is undesirable. The test bench perpendicular to the external wall should be consistent with the standard modular size of the building, so that it can be coordinated with the spacing of the flat-topped girder, which is conducive to the layout of indoor lighting fixtures.

When arranging the fume hood, try to be directly adjacent to the duct well to avoid the exposure of the exhaust cross pipe. The location of the fume hood should take into account the use effect of the fume hood. When the number of fume hoods is large, it can also form the form of partition. The configuration quantity of the fume hood should be determined according to the actual requirements of use. Due to the different types and nature of experiments, the required quantities are also different. According to foreign survey statistics, such as comparing the percentage of the use hours of the fume hood with the total hours of experimental work, the use rate of chemical laboratories is the highest.

The structure, scale, material and combination of the experimental bench in the pre-processing room are very important components in the construction of the laboratory. For details, please refer to the laboratory furniture section.

In the pre-processing room, in addition to the requirements for test benches, fume hoods, etc., necessary conditions should be set according to the actual use. For example, tap water taps should be installed at least 1-2 or more, and a pure water supply point should be provided on the pool; the laboratory should have a test basin with a water seal to prevent the smell of laboratory wastewater; the laboratory should have Floor drain to prevent flooding, soaking in the laboratory, etc.; indoors should be equipped with a number of single-phase sockets, independent switchboards, fume hood switches, and three power sources when necessary; the laboratory is equipped with an air conditioning system, and the air outlets should be sprayed It is made of other treated metal materials and requires anti-corrosion; indoor lighting lamps should not be edible metal products, if metal lamps are selected, they need to be surface treated to prevent corrosion; various pipelines should be avoided as much as possible, and the laboratory should be clean; yes Condition setting fire smoke alarm and so on.

When decorating the interior, the floor materials should be selected according to the requirements of use. Organic pretreatment rooms generally do not require acid resistance. Generally, terrazzo or ash-free cement floors can be used; in inorganic pretreatment rooms with acid and alkali resistance requirements, perchlorovinyl coating floors and plastic floors can be used according to the concentration of the medium. Or acid-resistant ceramic board ground and so on. The walls can be plastered, painted or tiled wall skirts, painted walls, etc. according to specific design standards.

The door of the pretreatment room is often required to be corrosion-resistant, and should be made of materials with good corrosion properties. Aluminum doors and windows should be oxidized and colored, or powder sprayed, electrophoretic paint, etc., which are both beautiful and corrosion-resistant; also Plastic steel windows, steel windows coated with anticorrosive paint or wooden windows can be selected. Wooden doors should be used for interior doors, and free doors or open outwards are best.