Chemical Laboratory Planning In the design and construction of a chemical laboratory, whether it is a new construction, expansion, or reconstruction of a chemical laboratory, it is not only the purchase of reasonable chemical laboratory equipment, but also It is necessary to comprehensively consider the overall planning, reasonable layout and graphic design of the chemical laboratory, as well as the infrastructure and basic conditions of the chemical laboratory such as power supply, water supply, gas supply, ventilation, air purification, safety measures, and environmental protection. Therefore, chemical laboratory design is a complex system engineering. In modern chemical laboratories, advanced scientific instruments and intelligent and complete laboratories are necessary conditions for improving the scientific and technological level of modern laboratories and promoting the growth of scientific research results.

"People-oriented, people and environment" has become a topic of great concern. Our company's laboratory is based on the chemical laboratory design concept of "safety, environmental protection, practicality, durability, beauty, economy, and intelligence". Chemical laboratory planning and design are mainly divided into six design aspects: chemical laboratory graphic design system, chemical laboratory single structure function design system, chemical laboratory water supply and drainage design system, chemical laboratory electronic control system, chemical laboratory special gas Six engineering designs including the distribution system and the hazardous gas output system of the chemical laboratory.

The following will explain the planning and design requirements of the chemical laboratory in sequence according to the above six aspects:

1. Graphic design system for chemical laboratory

Chemical laboratory graphic design. Our laboratory company mainly considers the following factors:

1. Evacuation, evacuation, escape, smooth, unobstructed, and safe passage; general chemical laboratory doors are mainly opened inward, but if there is a room with explosion hazard, the door should be opened outwards, and the door material is the best choice Pressure glass.

2. Ergonomics (front, rear, left, and right working space), the perfect coordination of equipment and scientific and technological workers' operating space reflects the scientific and humanized planning and design of the chemical laboratory.

When doing the graphic design of a chemical laboratory, the first factor to consider is "safety". The chemical laboratory is the place most prone to explosions, fires, and poisonous gas leaks. When we are doing laboratory design, we should try our best to keep the laboratory's ventilation and escape passages unobstructed. According to international ergonomic standards. Our company’s laboratory is divided as follows for reference: (see the figure below for details)

The standard for dividing the channel between the experimental platform and the experimental platform (the channel interval is represented by L)

L>500mm, one side can stand on one side for operation;

When L>800mm, it can be operated by a person sitting on one side;

When L>1200mm, you can sit on one side, stand on the other side, and don’t pass by in the middle;

When L>1500mm, people can sit on both sides and pass people in the middle;

When L>1800mm, people can sit on both sides, and there can be people passing through the instrument in the middle;

The sky platform and the instrument platform should not be too close to the wall, 400mm away from the wall is appropriate; in order to facilitate evacuation when work is in danger, the aisles between the experimental platforms should all lead to the corridor. In addition: the floor height of the laboratory building should be 3.7 meters-4.0 meters, the net height should be 2.7 meters-2.8 meters, and the net height of the laboratory with special requirements such as cleanliness, pressure gradient, constant temperature and humidity should be 2.5 meters- 2.7 meters (excluding ceiling); the clear width of the laboratory corridor should be 2.5 meters-3.0 meters; the width of the double doors of the general laboratory should be 1.1 meters-1.5 meters (asymmetrical side doors), and the width of the single door should be 0.8 meters-0.9 Rice is appropriate.

3. Laboratory composition. The chemical laboratory is mainly composed of basic chemical laboratory, instrument analysis laboratory, clean laboratory, research room, auxiliary laboratory, service supply room and other basic laboratories.

4. The total number of laboratory staff;

5. Layout of chemical laboratory furniture and equipment;

6. The floor and walls of the clean room are ventilated smoothly to prevent dead corners. The four corners of the room are as free as possible, easy to manage and concise.

Second, a single structure and function design system

Different majors use special basic supporting equipment for different laboratories. The series of products are divided into five parts: A, laboratory bench; B, instrument bench; C, functional cabinet; D, basic instrument and equipment.

A. Experimental platform part

1. The classification of the experimental platform:

(1) According to the functions of the laboratory, the laboratory bench is divided into: physical laboratory bench (mainly used for electronic, electrical, and physical experiments); chemical laboratory bench (mainly used for organic and inorganic chemistry experiments); biological laboratory bench (mainly used for organic and inorganic chemistry experiments); Used for purification aseptic experiments, such as simple dissection table, stainless steel operation table, etc.);

(2) According to the structure design, it is divided into: steel-wood structure (consisting of steel support frame, cabinet, countertop, reagent rack, connectors, and accessories); aluminum-wood structure: (composed of aluminum support frame, Cabinet, countertop, reagent rack, connectors, accessories); all steel (composed of cabinet, steel bracket, countertop, reagent rack, connectors, accessories).

(3) According to the purpose, it can be divided into: central laboratory bench, side bench laboratory bench, washing laboratory bench, reagent rack, laboratory cabinet, and laboratory bench.

2. Classification of experiment cabinets:

According to the material, it can be divided into: aluminum-wood laboratory cabinet and all-steel laboratory cabinet.

3. Classification of countertops

In the entire laboratory's basic equipment sales, countertops account for 1/3 of the total quotation, and the role of countertops can be seen. ①According to the function of the experimental platform, it can be divided into:

Chemical experiment table: anti-acid, strong alkali, high temperature resistance; resistance to 98% concentrated sulfuric acid; truthful core physical and chemical board.

Physics experiment table: anti-static, temperature resistant, anti-skid, strong stability; resistant to 28% sulfuric acid, and the surface material is fireproof board. Biological experiment table surface: waterproof, strong anti-bacterial density; surface material is stainless steel plate. ②According to the material of the countertop, it can be divided into physical and chemical board, epoxy resin board, marble board and ceramic board.

The physical and chemical board (VIA) cannot directly touch the light flame. It has slight defects on 65% nitric acid, chromic acid, and hydrofluoric acid, and has defects on 98% sulfuric acid; epoxy resin is a polymer material, high temperature resistance (380℃) , Has excellent chemical corrosion resistance, can be repaired and restored; marble is generally used for high temperature tables, sky platforms, etc., high temperature resistance, but it is easier to damage during transportation; ceramics are more expensive and less used in China. Its high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance are excellent.

B. Instrument table part

Load-bearing, stability, anti-interference, high electrical control requirements, strict gas distribution, safe, reliable, convenient, and easy to manage; load-bearing: 500Kg or more. Mainly used in instrument analysis laboratories, such as spectroscopy, chromatography, atomic analysis laboratories, etc.

C. Function cabinet part

Function cabinets are storage, storage and other important functions involve chemical laboratory safety, environmental protection and other issues; there are aluminum wood and all steel; reagents, drugs, volatile drugs, toxic drugs, gas cylinders and other storage functions are basically divided The following:

1. General performance medicine cabinet; 2. Volatile medicine storage cabinet; 3. Gas cylinder cabinet; 4. File cabinet (data cabinet); 5. Locker; 6. Specimen cabinet; 7. Utensil cabinet;

C. Basic equipment for chemical laboratory:

1. Fume hood; 2. Biological safety cabinet; 3. Ultra-clean workbench; 4. Drug safety storage cabinet; 7. Dissecting table; 8. Extracting table;

3. Water supply and drainage design system for chemical laboratory

The water supply and drainage design system is mainly for the preliminary laboratory building design services. The determination of the experimental bench cabinet plan must be completed before the start of the decoration, and the water supply and drainage positioning map must be issued.

Four. Electronic control system

The laboratory power supply system is also one of the most basic conditions of the laboratory. The power sockets are: 10A, 16A. The power socket should be far away from the water basin, gas, hydrogen and other nozzles, and will not affect the placement and operation of the laboratory bench instruments. The wire box uses steel wire grooves (mainly used for reagent racks, side tables and central table tops. The wire diameter should fully consider the current needs and expansion of the experiment. The determination of the experimental table cabinet plan must be completed before the start of the decoration, and the potential will be issued Figure.

V. Special gas distribution system

The gas used in the chemical laboratory mainly includes non-combustible gas (nitrogen, carbon dioxide), inert gas (argon, helium, etc.), flammable gas (hydrogen, carbon monoxide); highly toxic gas (fluorine gas, chlorine gas); combustion-supporting gas (Oxygen) composition. Except for non-combustible gas and inert gas, other gases are not allowed to enter the laboratory. It can be connected to each laboratory through a gas pipe. Generally, the gas phase chamber is equipped with helium (He), nitrogen (N2), GC/MS chamber, etc.

Six. Laboratory harmful gas output system

There are often many chemical pollution sources that are not conducive to human health in the laboratory, especially harmful gases, and it is very important to eliminate them. But at the same time, energy is often consumed in large quantities, so the requirements of laboratory ventilation control systems are getting higher, from the early CV (constant air volume), 2-State (bistable), VAV (variable air volume) systems, To the latest adaptive control system-both safe and in line with the need to save energy. In short, the latest concept of the laboratory is to treat the entire laboratory as a fume hood. How to effectively control all kinds of intake and exhaust to achieve both safe and economical effects is of utmost importance. The commonly used exhaust equipment in the laboratory mainly includes: fume hood, atomic absorption hood, universal exhaust hood, ceiling exhaust hood, countertop exhaust hood, etc. Among them, fume hoods are the most common.

The fume hood is a ventilation device that safely handles harmful, toxic gases or vapors. Its function is to capture, seal and transfer pollutants and harmful chemical gases to prevent escaping into the laboratory, so that by inhaling pollutants in the work area, Keep it away from the operator to minimize inhalation contact. The air flow in the fume hood is to suck the air in the laboratory into the fume hood through the exhaust fan, dilute the contaminated gas in the fume hood and exhaust it to the outdoors through the exhaust system, which can achieve low concentration diffusion; the universal exhaust hood is The first choice for local ventilation: simple installation, flexible positioning, good ventilation performance, which can effectively protect the personal safety of laboratory staff;

Atomic absorption hood is mainly suitable for all kinds of large precision instruments, which require positioning installation and set ventilation performance parameters. It is also one of the factors that must be considered in the overall laboratory planning;

The exhaust hood is mainly suitable for chemical laboratories. It is one of the indispensable equipment in solving the overall ventilation requirements of such laboratories;

The exhaust gas purification tower is mainly used to purify the harmful and toxic gases discharged from the ventilation pipes to meet the requirements of the national harmful gas emission standards;

Chemical laboratory design process:

The first part is graphic design. The user of Party A will first come up with the most fundamental chemical laboratory functional requirements, laboratory distribution plan, and special functional requirements, and then discuss with our company’s laboratory design team and construction team. After confirmation, a preliminary chemical laboratory design plan is given and entered into the second procedure. Because the traditional chemical laboratory building design is in accordance with the national building standards, it only focuses on the exterior and indoor structure, not the laboratory function, and the architectural design is out of touch with the functional design.

The second part is the single function of the chemical laboratory. The single structure design should be item by item, piece by piece, and layer by layer. It should be determined from the design of the entire building, layered, divided into rooms, and divided into single pieces, and comprehensively subdivided and confirmed .

In the third part, after all the functions of a single chemical laboratory are confirmed, the two parties negotiate and communicate, and Party A cooperates with the design and planning. Renovation and purification projects go first. After the completion and acceptance of the laboratory, the basic supporting facilities will enter the stage of clarification of responsibilities and assume the responsibility. When all the works are completed, they will be checked and accepted at the same time. The basic equipment part is the product test standard. The test is different from the previous two projects, and there is a big difference. Treat equally.