Laboratory design must adhere to a principle: adhere to the principle of practicality.

Practicability is the basis to ensure the normal and effective development of quality inspection work. Loss of practicability will also lose the value of laboratory existence.

For example, the laboratory of an oil company has set up several functional areas such as a balance room, a titration analysis room, and a thermal workshop. The floor is solid wood floor, the wall is high-grade wallpaper, and the ceiling is the ceiling, which can be seen How upscale the decoration is. Although the input cost is high, it is not practical.

The heating test in the testing process is carried out in a room equipped with floor, wallpaper, and ceiling, which is not conducive to fire prevention and poses safety hazards. The meticulous decoration with such a high investment increases the cost of laboratory construction and decoration, and the use effect is not ideal, and it does not reflect the "practicality" of the laboratory. Therefore, priority should be given to "practicality" during laboratory construction.

Follow four concepts:

1. Functional concept

According to the different inspection items, the inspection equipment should be classified to form several areas that can carry out different inspection items at the same time, and give each area a certain degree of functionality, so that each area can independently complete what it has Specific function. If two or more unrelated test items are tested in the same test area, and there is interference between each other during the test process, it means that the functions of the test area have not been properly allocated.

For example: In a laboratory, the balance room is adjacent to the crushing equipment room. Although it is a relatively independent area, the vibration generated by the crushing equipment will still adversely affect the measurement effect of the balance. This must fully consider the respective functions of the balance room and the crushing equipment room, and allocate functions to each area of ​​the laboratory according to their functionality.

2. Security concept

According to the different inspection items, divide the risk degree of each area, and arrange them in order from low to high. For storage areas of strong acids, alkalis, toxic, flammable substances and high-pressure devices, they should be placed in high-risk zones, away from office areas; for other hazardous materials and equipment, they should be placed in medium-dangerous zones; and in areas with the lowest degree of danger, also It is the safe zone closest to the office area. The laboratory shall implement an access system for areas of various hazard levels and determine the responsibilities of personnel entering each area.

3. Economic concept;

Laboratory design should fully consider the frequency of use of equipment and facilities, avoid waste of area and space, and reduce protection costs.

4. The concept of scalability;

Laboratory design should fully consider the scalability of functions and be forward-looking in the concept of laboratory construction. The laboratory should make advance plans for future development, leaving an expandable space, and on the basis of the existing regional functions, the laboratory can be contracted or expanded functionally. With scalability, on the one hand, it is convenient for laboratories to carry out new testing items and improve testing capabilities; on the other hand, it can effectively reduce the cost of laboratory function expansion.

Improve the eight major systems:

1. Water supply and drainage system;

The installation of the water supply and drainage system should fully consider the actual situation of the laboratory, scientifically design the installation direction of the water supply and drainage pipeline in the laboratory, and try to avoid the pipeline from passing through the wall in the room that does not require water supply and drainage.

The design of the laboratory should determine the location of the water intake according to the functions of each area, and reserve a corresponding position for the water supply and drainage network during the interior decoration of the laboratory.

The water intake for domestic water and testing water must be separated to ensure that the domestic water and testing water pipelines are relatively independent and avoid mixing, especially to ensure that the domestic water is not contaminated by chemical reagents.

It is necessary to avoid direct discharge of testing water, and to have harmless treatment measures or devices for wastewater containing toxic, strong acid, strong alkali, and flammable and explosive substances. Ensure that wastewater discharges up to standards and meet environmental protection requirements.

2, weak current system;

Weak electricity is one of the most commonly used energy sources in laboratories, covering most areas of the laboratory. The weak current system includes: lighting, power distribution and communication system for each detection area.

Laboratory should scientifically wire the weak current system, and the wiring must comply with the relevant specifications for weak current construction. A weak current main switch should be set in each relatively independent detection area so that the inspector can take power off measures in time when an emergency occurs. Therefore, the main power switch should be easy to operate and not be locked, but it must have safety signs.

The power supply terminal socket should be a qualified product that has passed the 3C certification. For products that have not passed the 3C certification, and the product manufacturer and technical parameters are not clear, even if the price is cheap, there is no safety guarantee and cannot be used in the laboratory power supply terminal. The security risk cost after use is much higher than the value of the product itself.

A communication terminal interface should be reserved for each testing room to facilitate the network transmission of testing data and information.

3. High pressure gas supply system;

The laboratory high-pressure gas supply system mainly refers to the high-pressure gas cylinder gas supply device in the laboratory.

High-pressure gas cylinders should be stored separately, fixed upright, placed in a dry, well-ventilated, and cool place, away from corrosive substances, avoid open flames and other heat sources, and prevent direct sunlight. The temperature of the warehouse should not exceed 30°C. Do not store high-pressure gas cylinders in basements or semi-basements to prevent moisture and rust. The warehouse shall be equipped with corresponding types and quantities of fire-fighting equipment. The power switches of the lighting and ventilation equipment in the warehouse should be located outside the warehouse.

Take the high-pressure hydrogen gas cylinder as an example, the nominal working pressure is generally 15MPa, so it is strictly forbidden to knock during operation and try to avoid vibration. Avoid high-pressure gas cylinders and installation tools from being contaminated by oily substances. Pressure gauges must be dedicated. Screw fasteners must be tightened during installation. Hydrogen pressure gauges are reverse-threaded. Care should be taken to prevent damage to the threads during installation and disassembly.

4. Temperature control system;

Laboratories should pay attention to the impact of temperature and humidity on the testing work, and set up heating and cooling air conditioners in critical areas to adjust the temperature of the testing room to meet the environmental conditions required by the testing procedures. Attention should be paid to improving the storage temperature and humidity regulation of the drug library, sample library, and high-pressure gas cylinders to ensure the safety of drugs, samples and high-pressure gas cylinders.

5. Ventilation system;

In addition to strict and effective control of temperature and humidity, a compliant laboratory needs a set of ventilation systems to obtain sufficient ventilation to treat and discharge the smoke, dust, odor and other dirty air generated in the laboratory. . The key areas for setting up ventilation equipment are the drug library, sample library and testing area.

6. High-voltage power supply system;

Although there are not many equipment that require high-voltage electricity in the food laboratory, such as high-temperature furnaces and some types of water distillers, the safety cannot be ignored. The construction of high-voltage power supply system must fully consider the compatibility with the environment. The high-voltage power supply should be far away from the water supply and drainage pipe network, away from the high-pressure gas supply device, and a safety protection device for the detection area should be set up.

7. Fire fighting system;

The standardized fire protection system is an important measure to ensure laboratory safety. There must be complete safety accident prevention measures and cover every functional area of ​​the entire laboratory. The focus is on thermal engineering and high voltage and power supply areas.

The construction and interior decoration of the laboratory design should use fireproof materials that meet the fireproof grade, and set up indoor fire hydrants and fire pumps and other fire-fighting facilities.

If possible, the laboratory should purchase a fire alarm device. Must ensure that the emergency evacuation channel is unblocked.

8. Environmental protection system;

Environmental protection system mainly refers to the detection of waste water, waste gas, solid waste and noise treatment and hazardous monitoring in the storage of medicines and reagents.

Laboratories should set up appropriate facilities, conduct harmless treatment of waste water, filter and discharge smoke and dust, separate management and recycling of hazardous solid waste, and properly dispose of waste under strict control to make it reach Environmental requirements.